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New Study Raises Major Concerns About Questionnaire Widely Used for Depression Screening

A new study calls into question the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), a foremost depression screening tool, and cautions researchers and mental health providers about relying on PHQ results.

A new research report suggests that a widely used depression screening questionnaire should not be relied on for research purposes or in assessments for depression.

A team of academic researchers investigated the validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), whose various versions are among the most widely used tools in research and clinical settings worldwide for assessing depression in patients.  The researchers’ particular concern was whether responses to PHQ questions reflected how often potential symptoms of depression were experienced, or how much those symptoms bothered the individuals.  The PHQ instructions ask for how often the symptoms bother the person.

The study’s findings, reported in JAMA Psychiatry, indicated that fewer than one in five responded to the PHQ according to the instructions (i.e., how much the symptoms bothered them).  Instead, their answers more often reflected the frequency, not severity of symptoms.  The scoring resulting from those responses likely indicated more severe depression than was actually the case.

Young woman with long hair and striped sweater wrilting on a clipboard
One of the most widely used depression screening questionnaires is widely misinterpreted by those completing it, with the scoring of the responses likely indicating more severe depression than is actually the case.

“Results of this study suggest that the PHQ is widely misinterpreted, raising concerns about its validity for research and clinical decision-making,” the report says.

Conditions the PHQ asks about – such as having “little interest or pleasure in doing things,” “feeling down,” “feeling tired or having little energy,” and “poor appetite or overeating” – may be felt by many people in the normal course of living.

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Teen Cannabis Use Linked to Serious Mental Health Diagnoses Later in Life

Tracking 460,000 teens with no prior mental health problems, researchers found those who used cannabis faced sharply higher rates of serious psychiatric diagnoses by young adulthood.

Astudy this month finds that cannabis use among adolescents substantially increases the likelihood of bipolar and psychotic diagnoses years later.

Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Health Forum, the study tracked 460,000 adolescents aged 13 to 17 until age 25. None had prior mental health problems; all began as “normal.”

Regardless of how one views the practice of modern psychiatric labeling and consequent drugging, the research demonstrates a correlation between cannabis and mental health struggles among teens.

With cannabis becoming more readily available due to legalization, teen use is at a 30-year high.

“We looked at kids using cannabis before they had any evidence of these psychiatric conditions and then followed them to understand if they were more likely or less likely to develop them,” said the study’s co-author, Dr. Lynn Silver of the Public Health Institute.

Teens who used cannabis faced 2X the risk of psychiatric diagnoses.

They found that teens who reported cannabis use in the past year faced twice the risk of receiving diagnoses of bipolar and psychotic disorders.

The study also linked teen cannabis use to other issues: depression diagnoses rose by about a third and anxiety diagnoses by about a quarter.

With cannabis becoming more readily available due to legalization, teen use is at a 30-year high.

“With legalization, we’ve had a tremendous wave of this perception of cannabis as a safe, natural product to treat your stress with,” Silver said. “That is simply not true.”

Earlier research had already established a link between cannabis use and mental health conditions, especially psychosis, but did not determine whether cannabis caused them or whether people experiencing them were more likely to use cannabis.

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Mental Health Watchdog Demands Action as Sexual Dysfunction Complaints on Antidepressants Grow

The Citizens Commission on Human Rights says FDA approval of antidepressants ignores decades of documented, permanent harms and calls for a full independent investigation into PSSD.

“After taking [antidepressants], my genitals felt completely numb and my emotions completely disappeared.… PSSD has ruined every aspect of my life.” —Mary Koback, shortly before taking her own life

There comes a point when evidence grows so overwhelming that it shatters even the most carefully constructed edifice of secrecy built to protect those who profit from it.

And the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR) is accelerating that collapse. On January 9, the mental health industry watchdog issued a statement demanding a full and independent investigation into how the FDA continues to authorize antidepressants despite years of documented irreversible harm.

It has been known for decades that antidepressants are dangerous. Their many side effects include violence, psychosis, muscle rigidity, high fever, seizures, irregular heartbeat, organ failure and suicide.

But mounting evidence now points to another devastating consequence: Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD), severe sexual side effects suffered by too many after withdrawing from SSRIs, a class of antidepressants designed to change how the brain handles serotonin.

“From pre-birth to adulthood, millions are exposed to drugs capable of inducing emotional blunting, suicidality and potentially permanent sexual injury.”

The afflictions include complete loss of libido, genital anesthesia and erectile dysfunction—among other symptoms—and along with them, the inability to feel … anything.

The malady, which is described by one PSSD sufferer as “no joy no more, no happiness, all the good things are gone,” and by another as leaving them totally dehumanized,” is incurable and often permanent.

Their experiences aren’t merely anecdotal.

A substantial body of research dating back to the early 1990s documents that SSRI antidepressants reduce genital sensation.

Further large-scale studies confirm that sexual dysfunction plagues up to two-thirds of antidepressant users, with a significant portion describing the aftermath as intolerable.

Given such red flags waving in the face of Big Psych and Big Pharma, you’d expect more studies, warnings or an FDA ban on antidepressants.

But instead there were “explanations” from the psychiatric establishment. The sexual dysfunction is mental, not physical, they assured us and—not to worry—the symptoms are temporary. They’ll disappear as soon as the patient stops taking the drug. (If they don’t, well, that’s on the patient, not the drug, they said.)

Sexual dysfunction plagues up to 2/3 antidepressant users

Such phony justifications serve only to indict those who advance them. As PSSD Network Board Member Daniel Demers told Freedom, “With a symptom like genital anesthesia, it makes no logical sense to attribute it to any known mental illness, yet psychiatrists around the world seem to employ the same patient-blaming defense mechanism when the alternative is admitting they played a role in ruining their patient’s life.”

Meanwhile, the FDA continues authorizing antidepressants as “safe” for consumption by a public that is largely uninformed of the risks—a case of opening up the sheep pen and laying down a welcome mat for any passing wolves.

CCHR International President Jan Eastgate says, “From pre-birth to adulthood, millions are exposed to drugs capable of inducing emotional blunting, suicidality and potentially permanent sexual injury without adequate warning … sanctioned by the FDA and driven by the psychiatric-pharmaceutical industry.

“They must be held accountable.”

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